Density and Viscosity of Orange Oil and Turpentine Biofuels š± #WorldResearchAwards
Introduction Biofuels are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels due to their renewable origin, reduced greenhouse gas emissions , and compatibility with existing energy systems. Among emerging biofuel components, orange oil , turpentine , and their hydrogenated derivatives have gained attention because they are derived from biomass resources and industrial by-products. Understanding their physicochemical properties is essential for evaluating their feasibility in energy applications. This research focuses on generating reliable experimental data to support the potential integration of these essential oils into biofuel formulations. Experimental methodology and measurement accuracy Accurate determination of density and viscosity is critical for assessing fuel performance in internal combustion engines . In this study, densities and viscosities of orange oil, turpentine, hydrogenated orange oil , and hydrogenated turpentine were measured at atmospher...