Quantum Imaging with Metasurfaces: Gains, Limits & Future Prospects #WorldResearchAwards

 


Introduction

Quantum imaging exploits nonclassical properties of light—such as entanglement and photon correlations—to overcome classical limits in resolution, sensitivity, and noise suppression. While these advantages promise transformative impacts in precision sensing and microscopy, real-world implementation has been hindered by bulky optical components and limited system flexibility. The emergence of metasurfaces provides a powerful pathway to bridge this gap, enabling compact, scalable, and highly controllable quantum imaging architectures suitable for next-generation research and technology.

Metasurfaces for Quantum Wavefront Engineering

Metasurfaces are ultrathin optical platforms composed of subwavelength nanostructures that allow precise control of phase, amplitude, and polarization. In quantum imaging, they enable deterministic manipulation of single photons and entangled states, replacing conventional lenses and beam-shaping elements. This wavefront engineering capability supports compact optical layouts while preserving quantum coherence, making metasurfaces attractive for integrated quantum photonic systems.

Geometric-Phase and Propagation-Phase Metasurface Designs

Geometric-phase (Pancharatnam–Berry) metasurfaces offer broadband and polarization-dependent phase control, which is particularly useful for encoding quantum information and enhancing imaging contrast. Propagation-phase metasurfaces, on the other hand, rely on resonant nanostructures to tailor phase delays with high spatial precision. Both approaches have demonstrated significant improvements in spatial resolution and interference visibility in quantum imaging experiments.

Hybrid-Phase Metasurfaces in Quantum Imaging Applications

Hybrid-phase metasurfaces combine geometric and propagation phase mechanisms, offering enhanced design freedom and performance optimization. These structures have enabled advanced functionalities in ghost imaging, quantum holography, and single-photon microscopy by simultaneously optimizing efficiency, compactness, and image quality. Such hybrid designs represent a critical step toward task-specific quantum imaging platforms.

Challenges: Loss, Noise, and Tunability

Despite their promise, metasurface-based quantum imaging systems face several challenges. Photon loss due to absorption and scattering can degrade entanglement fidelity, while fabrication imperfections introduce phase noise that limits performance. Additionally, most metasurfaces are static, restricting adaptability across different imaging tasks. Addressing these issues is essential for reliable and scalable quantum imaging technologies.

Future Directions and Integrated Quantum Imaging Platforms

Future research aims to develop low-loss, dynamically tunable metasurfaces integrated with on-chip quantum light sources and detectors. Advances in materials, nanofabrication, and active modulation are expected to yield noise-resilient and reconfigurable systems. Such progress will accelerate the transition of quantum imaging from laboratory demonstrations to practical, miniaturized platforms with broad scientific and technological impact.

Global Particle Physics Excellence Awards


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